Multivariate Extension of Griffing's Diallel Analysis

Diallel-cross designs have been used extensively in plant and animal breeding programs. In most cases, multiple traits are measured in the study, but the analyses are performed on each trait separately. The objective of this paper is to provide an alternative multivariate procedure so that the combining abilities among traits can be evaluated simultaneously and the interaction of combining ability and traits can be tested statistically.
Numerical example is provided from data of a rice study. Three characters, panicles per plant, percent sterility, and 100 kernel weight were used in the analysis. Results showed that some parental lines with greater combining abilities in one trait may not be so good in another trait. Also certain crosses may be better for one trait but not necessarily as good for other traits.     

转基因抗虫棉与陆地棉种质间的杂种优势和配合力分析

采用NCⅡ交配设计,对5份转基因抗虫棉、6份柱头外露种质资源和彩色棉等陆地棉优异亲本组配杂交,分析杂种F1的11个性状的杂种优势和配合力.结果表明,主要产量性状皮棉产量,超高优势的平均值为6.18%,16个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的平均值为37.41%,24个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的平均值为-15.19%,8个组合出现正向竞争优势.其它产量性状铃重、单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显.纤维品质性状、2.5%跨长、比强度和伸长率的竞争优势明显.高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,多数性状F1代平均值与中亲值和低亲值相关性密切.经配合力分析,双价321、新棉33 B、HK-1、96-67、惠无3055和01 HN 06表现较显著的GCA效应;SCA效应显著的7个性状中,A 1×B 6、A 2×B 5、A 2×B 3等组合有7个性状的SCA效应为正值.     

一种新的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法

本文介绍了一种以医用血清瓶作发酵瓶、用医用注射器来量测所产沼气的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法。实践表明此法简单实用、快速准确。     

丙氨酰谷氨酰胺二肽对早期断奶仔猪抗氧化能力及肠道保护的研究

本试验旨在研究丙氨酰谷氨酰胺二肽(Ala-Gln)对早期断奶仔猪抗氧化能力和肠道保护的影响。采用完全随机化设计,选用体质量、胎次、泌乳量、产仔数相近、健康的云南撒坝母猪所产的48头仔猪(1/2♂,1/2♀),35日龄断奶,随机分成4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组分别饲喂添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%Ala-Gln的试验日粮。试验期为35~60日龄。结果表明,添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%Ala-Gln可提高断奶仔猪生长性能,随饲粮Ala-Gln添加水平提高,日采食量、体质量呈二次曲线上升(P<0.05),料重比呈二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。第49日龄的仔猪血清T-AOC和T-SOD含量以二次曲线方式升高(P<0.05),血清MDA活性呈二次曲线降低(P<0.01)。小肠形态学观察结果显示,仔猪十二指肠和回肠绒毛长度以二次曲线方式升高(P<0.01),空肠绒毛长度以二次曲线方式升高(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度以二次曲线方式降低(P<0.05),十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度比值(V/C)以二次曲线方式提高(P<0.01)。结...     

结球甘蓝抗寒性配合力分析及优良抗寒组合选育

通过自交分离和抗寒性鉴定,选育出经济性状优良的结球甘蓝抗寒自交系逾30份,以其中6份抗寒性有一定差异的自交系为试材,按照Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ进行甘蓝抗寒性配合力及遗传力分析。结果表明：甘蓝抗寒性遗传符合加性-显性模型,以加性效应为主,随着寒害程度的增加其加性效应所占比重增加|一般配合力方差在总遗传方差中所占比重较大,一般配合力/特殊配合力的均方比大于7,且差异达极显著水平,因此在甘蓝抗寒育种中应重视早期世代的选择。结合配合力测定结果及田间经济性状调查结果,初步明确两个优良抗寒越冬甘蓝新组合。     

温室专用迷你黄瓜主要农艺性状的配合力分析

利用5个国外迷你黄瓜自交系,按Griffing完全双列杂交第二套方案配置10个杂交组合,对其7个农艺性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力、遗传参数进行初步研究。研究结果表明,亲本B（荷兰的MK171系列之一）、C（荷兰夏多星）、E（日本品种）是较理想的迷你黄瓜育种材料;B×E、B×C组合后代综合性状优良。     

杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异

杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异＊何贵平陈益泰关志山封剑文蔡宏明伊加生关键词杉木无性系生长性状重复力遗传相关近１０年来，杉木Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．无性系的研究在我国有了长足的进步［１～５］，各地均有较多...     

The impact of shade on morphology,growth and biomass allocation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea sitchensis</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">eurolepis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thuja plicata</Emphasis>

To determine the effect of shade on morphology, growth and biomass allocation in Picea sitchensis, Larix × eurolepis and Thuja plicata, seedlings were grown in the open or under shadehouses providing 25%, 50% and 75% reductions of full-light for two growing seasons. For most of the characteristics assessed there was no significant interaction between species and shade indicating that the morphological responses to changing shade treatments were not species-dependent. After two growing seasons the mean height increment for the three species was significantly greater in 25% (76.1 cm) and 50% shade (74.9 cm) than in the open (69.5 cm). Root collar diameter increment, shoot, root and total biomass declined significantly with increasing shade while the opposite was true for the height:diameter ratio. In both western red cedar and hybrid larch the shoot:root ratio was significantly greater in the shade while in Sitka spruce this characteristic was not influenced by shade. While all species had significantly greater specific shoot areas in 75% shade than in 0% shade, this trend was particularly pronounced in hybrid larch. In hybrid larch and western red cedar, the normalised specific projected shoot area increased significantly with increasing shade. The opposite trend was observed for Sitka spruce. We conclude that in the main the species studied demonstrated similar shade acclimation responses despite their reported differences in shade tolerance.     

抗生素对火炬松的器官发生植株再生的影响(英文)

本文研究了氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素等3种抗生素对火炬松愈伤组织的生长和分化及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,头孢霉素最有利于愈伤组织的诱导和生长,羧苄青霉素最有利于芽的分化,氨苄青霉素降低了不定芽的生根频率。所有试验的3种抗生素提高愈伤组织的形成和芽再生,但降低了芽的生根频率。这些结果表明,选择合适的抗生素对优化火炬松遗传转化体系有重要作用。图3表4参25。     

海南岛柚木的木材性质

１１—１３龄柚木２０株，１７—１９龄７株，取自海南岛尖峰岭，用以研究木材比重及纤维长度的某些特性及测定标准物理力学性质。以胸高圆盘加权平均数为单元，比重０．４６６—０．５８８，平均０．５１６：纤维长度０．８７８—１．２３０ｍｍ，平均１．０６３ｍｍ。生长轮宽度与比重及纤维长度之间表现弱的负相关。第１轮和第９轮的材性存在显著的相关关系。材性在标地间的差异不显著，标地内株间的差异很显著。径向变异：髓心附近几轮的纤维长度和比重均增长很快，第８轮以后，前者增长缓慢，后者多起伏。轴向变异：１．心部系列（髓心向外６生长轮）第１轮纤维长度的轴向变异很小，其外几轮的纤维长度缓慢向上减轻或有起伏；基部各生长轮的比重很大，向上急剧减小至１．３ｍ高度，此后各生长轮的变化不一致。２．边部系列（树皮向内６生长轮）纤维长度和比重均很快向上减小。讨论了影响纤维长度轴向变异的主要因素。提出标准物理力学性质的试验结果。